Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Interlinear English Translation (Xenophon, Interlinear Classics Book 2). This last section of this book (8.8) also describes the rapid collapse of the empire of Cyrus after he died. [citation needed], The book opens with the author stating that the work started as a reflection about what it is that makes people willingly obey some rulers and not others. If a youth or a grown man breaks the law he is brought into court by the governors of his tribe, who act as suitors in the case, aided by any other citizen who pleases. That Babylon was conquered on the night of a festival by diverting the Euphrates River from its channel is also stated by Herodotus (1.191). Danzig, G. 2009. This web edition published by eBooks@Adelaide. Cyropaedia: The Education of Cyrus by Xenophon – Free Ebook. (This is significantly different to the events as they are currently understood.). Books 2 through 7 cover Cyrus' life while still an important vassal of the Medes, on his career towards establishing the largest empire the world had known until that date. 354 BCE) was a wealthy Athenian and friend of Socrates. [12] According to Leo Strauss, Machiavelli refers to Xenophon more than the better known authors Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero put together. In turn it was a strong influence upon the most well-known but atypical of these, Machiavelli's The Prince, which was an important influence in the rejection of medieval political thinking, and the development of modern politics. Xenophon was elected a commander of the Ten Thousand Greek mercenaries at the age of 30. There then follows a list of the king's conquests, and the author seeks to understand why his subjects obeyed him "willingly". In turn it was a strong influence up… [4], Despite such doubts, it has been argued that Xenophon's Cyropaedia offers a glimpse of the character of Cyrus the Great of Achaemenid Persia. [9] Classical authors believed that Xenophon composed it in response to the Republic of Plato, or vice versa, and Plato's Laws seems to allude to the Cyropaedia. The source gives "an artist's portrait" of Cyrus as "the Ideal Ruler and the best form of Government", a description that "could not have been painted had there not been a credible memory of such a Cyrus". [5] Xenophon (c. 431 – 355 BC) was not a contemporary of Cyrus (c. 580 – 530 BC) and it is likely that at least some of the information about Persia was based on events that occurred at the later Achaemenid court. [10] Amongst classical leaders, Scipio Aemilianus is said to have carried a copy with him at all times,[11] and it was also a favourite of Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar. Professor Jowett, whose Plato represents the high-water mark of classical translation, has given us the following reminders: "An English translation ought to be idiomatic and interesting, not only to the scholar, but also to the unlearned reader. Cyrus then returns with an increasingly international army to Babylon, and is able to avoid a long siege by deflecting the course of the river through it, and then sending soldiers in over the dry bed, during a festival night. The translation by Walter Miller is quite readable, and I flew through this first volume. To the best of our knowledge, the text of this The Cyropaedia is Xenophon's partly fictionalized biography of Cyrus the Great, a great king and general of the ancient world. The translation is an admirable example of clear readable English. AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally. Aspects of it would become a model for medieval writers of the genre known as mirrors for princes. Definition of cyropaedia in the Definitions.net dictionary. It was written around 370 BC by Xenophon, the Athenian-born soldier, historian, and student of Socrates. He does this partly by carefully building up alliances with nations such as the Armenians, their neighbours whom he referred to as Chaldeans, Hyrcanians, Cadusians, Saka, and Susians. In substance, the Cyropaedia is "a political romance, describing the education of the ideal ruler, trained to rule as a benevolent despot over his admiring and willing subjects. A very few words may suffice by way of introduction to this translation of the Cyropaedia. This site uses cookies to deliver our services, improve performance, for analytics, and (if not signed in) for advertising. Xenophon: Cyropaedia (Books 1-4) Walter Miller (trans.) Cyropaedia: Education of Cyrus I by Xenophon Translated by Walter Miller Book 7. By using LibraryThing you acknowledge that you have read and understand our. It is in this main part of the work that the character Cyrus is often shown as an example of classical virtue, but is also at the same time often seen as using what would now be called Machiavellian tactics. Description The Cyropaedia by the Athenian historian, philosopher, and soldier Xenophon, was originally written in the early 4th century B.C, to allow the author to lay out his political and moral philosophy. For example, Thomas Jefferson had two personal copies of the book in his library, possibly for this reason. "Dying in Style: Xenophon's Ideal Leader and the End of the, This page was last edited on 27 November 2020, at 01:06. Among early modern writers after Machiavelli, Montaigne, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Bacon, Jonathan Swift, Bolingbroke, Shaftesbury, Edward Gibbon, and Benjamin Franklin "all concurred with the classical view" of Xenophon's merits as a philosopher and historian. For example, the romance of Abradatas and Pantheia forms a part of the latter half of the narrative (v.1.3, vi.1.31ff, vi.4.2ff, vii.3.2ff). Text derived from The Works of Xenophon by H. G. Dakyns, Macmillan and Co., 1897. The work was also frequently taken as a model for correct prose style in classical Attic Greek, mastery of which was part of the cultivation of learning and refinement among gentlemen in eighteenth century Europe and America. [16] Christopher Nadon describes Machiavelli as "Xenophon's best-known and most devoted reader". 26 Addeddate 2008-10-21 16:22:18 Cyropaedia: Volume 1 - Ebook written by Xenophon. For their final great field battle, Croesus of Lydia was general. This final section of book eight has been argued to be by another later author, or alternatively to be either a sign of Xenophon's theoretical inconsistency concerning his conception of an ideal ruler, or a sign that Xenophon did not mean to describe an ideal ruler in any simple way. Xenophon Translated by H. G. Dakyns Revised by F. M. Stawell. John Milton called his works divine, and the equal of Plato’s. The Cyropaedia (or Cyropedia) is a "partly fictional biography" of Cyrus the Great, written in the early 4th century BC by the Athenian gentleman-soldier, and student of Socrates, Xenophon of Athens. It has been noted by scholars that Xenophon's description of Persian education in their pre-imperial time is strikingly unusual, and appears to be based upon the traditions of Sparta, the subject of Xenophon's own work the Constitution of the Lacedemonians. Cyropaedia The Education of Cyrus. Read 3 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. This was at least partly because it discusses historical subjects but disagrees with the consensus view of the period. The Latinized title Cyropaedia derives from Greek Kúrou paideía, meaning "The Education of Cyrus". This first book is devoted to Cyrus' descent, education and his stay at the court of his maternal grandfather, the Median dynast Astyages. ... Cyropaedia, Volume 2 Xenophon Full view - 1914. This content downloaded from 132.174.255.116 on Thu, 3 Sep 2015 14:46:16 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions REVIEWS 985 The Education of Cyrus by Xenophon (430–354 BCE), who, like Plato, was a student of Socrates, is a fictionalized biography of Cyrus the Great (ca. Information and translations of cyropaedia in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. In this version of events, Cyrus is a faithful vassal to the Medes, someone who initially helps them as a general to defend themselves from a much more powerful and assertive Babylonian empire, which was being ruled by the tyrannical son of a more respected king. Cyropaedia by Xenophon (c. 430-c. 354 BCE) is a historical romance on the education of the sixth century BCE Persian king Cyrus the Elder that reflects Xenophon's ideas about rulers and government. Last updated Wednesday, December 17, 2014 at 14:26. [13][14] Giovanni Pontano, Bartolomeo Sacchi, Leon Battista Alberti and Baldassare Castiglione all treated Cyrus as an example of virtue.[15]. [18] In modern times, its reputation has declined, together with the study of the classics; it has been described as "surely one of the most tedious books to have survived from the ancient world,"[11] a view countered by others, such as Potter, who found it "written in the most captivating, simple and elegant style imaginable."[19]. The Cyropaedia is a biographical account of what Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire, knew in order to rule human beings. [8] Polybius, Cicero, Tacitus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Quintilian, Aulus Gellius and Longinus "ranked him among the best philosophers and historians". References to this work on external resources. No current Talk conversations about this book. Machiavelli's The Prince, which represented a turning point towards modern political thinking, uses the mirror genre as a model, is particularly heavily influenced by the Cyropaedia, and represents a more sophisticated reading of Xenophon, apparently more critical of the idealistic approach on the surface of Xenophon's depiction, while also reading Xenophon to be giving other more important messages about Cyrus's use of deceit, and the danger of such men to republics. harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFDiogenes_Laertius3.34 (, Steven W. Hirsch, “1000 Iranian Nights: History and Fiction in Xenophon’s, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Cyrus Cylinder: How a Persian monarch inspired Jefferson", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyropaedia&oldid=990877378, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Sage, Paula Winsor. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system. [17] Gilbert (1938, p. 236) wrote: "The Cyrus of Xenophon was a hero to many a literary man of the sixteenth century, but for Machiavelli he lived". Danzig, G. 2007. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Cyropaedia: Volume 1. While this Loeb edition is the classic interlinear format -- my greek is rusty at best. Copyright LibraryThing and/or members of LibraryThing, authors, publishers, libraries, cover designers, Amazon, Bol, Bruna, etc. This essay focuses on Cyrus's twofold Persian education, which consisted of his conventional and heterodox educations. Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books. The Cyropaedia, sometimes spelled Cyropedia, is a partly fictional biography[2] of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire. The Latinized title Cyropaedia derives from Greek Kúrou paideía (Κύρου παιδεία), meaning "The Education of Cyrus". Danzig, G. 2012. Xenophon of Athens (/ ˈ z ɛ n ə f ən,-ˌ f ɒ n /; Greek: Ξενοφῶν, Ancient Greek: [ksenopʰɔ̂ːn], Xenophōn; c. 430 – 354 BC) was an Athenian-born mercenary and historian. Mac users, do NOT point and click, typing works better. The former emphasized the rule of law, while the latter stressed the need for absolute rule by a single leader. Management guru Peter Drucker has once called the Cyropaedia the first and best management book ever written. Book 8 is a sketch of Cyrus' kingship and his views of monarchy. In essence, Xenophon presents an almost entirely fictional narrative under the guise of a piece of genuine biography/historiography in order to create a piece of utopian political literature. The Greek historian Xenophon wrote his book "Cyropaedia" promoting Cyrus as the great ruler. What does cyropaedia mean? In the nineteenth century, Xenophon and the Cyropaedia began to be seen as inferior to comparable classical authors and works, and not deserving of the older reputation. [9] Edmund Spenser in his preface to The Faerie Queene said that "Xenophon [is] preferred before Plato, for that the one, in the exquisite depth of his judgement, formed a Commune welth, such as it should be; but the other in the person of Cyrus, and the Persians, fashioned a government, such as might best be: So much more profitable and gratious is doctrine by example, then by rule." He left Athens in 401 and joined an expedition including ten thousand Greeks led by the Persian governor Cyrus against the Persian king. "[3], Although it is "generally agreed" that Xenophon "did not intend Cyropaedia as history",[2] it remains unclear whether this work was intended to fit into any other classical genre known before. Cyropaedia: Volume 1 Cyrus, the Cyropaedia is a sketch of Cyrus by Xenophon as they currently... Soldier, historian, and the ‘ Ironic ’ reading of Cyropaedia. ” in Gish and Ambler 2009:271-295 in. 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